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Cancer 2011 Jan 15;117(2):414-20. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25423. Epub 2010 Sep 9. d2 n5 ]% w( d% E2 {' q2 v8 r
Gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer: is there a difference in outcome between morning and afternoon treatment?$ M" z, B1 S7 p7 V5 Z
Rahn DA 3rd, Ray DK, Schlesinger DJ, Steiner L, Sheehan JP, O'Quigley JM, Rich T./ e1 V4 p( G/ @% Q' H3 Y
SourceDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.* |1 G8 N7 z' q1 v6 [
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Abstract) B! A; i, [8 R; Q' @4 g
BACKGROUND: Circadian cell-cycle progression causes fluctuating radiosensitivity in many tissues, which could affect clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether outcomes of single-session gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) differ based on treatment time.
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4 w7 P! d9 {( x! N) zMETHODS: Fifty-eight patients received GKRS between 10:00 am and 12:30 pm and 39 patients received GKRS between 12:30 pm and 3:00 pm. The mean peripheral dose was 18.6 Gy. The mean tumor size was 7.3 cm³. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to score local control at 3 months. Cause of death (COD) was categorized as central nervous system (CNS)-related or systemic.
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RESULTS: Demographic and disease characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Local control at 3 months was achieved in 97% (35/36) of patients who underwent GKRS early in the day versus 67% (8/12) of patients who underwent GKRS later in the day (chi-square, P = .014). Early GKRS was associated with better survival (median 9.5 months) than late GKRS (median 5 months) (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test, P = .025). Factors contributing to better survival in a Cox regression model included early treatment time (P = .004) and recursive partition analysis class (P < .001). Cause of death in the early treatment group was CNS-related in 6% (3/47) of patients versus 24% (8/34) of patients in the late treatment group (chi-square test, P = .026).
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CONCLUSIONS: GKRS for metastatic NSCLC had better local control, better survival, and a lower rate of CNS-related cause of death when given earlier in the day versus later in the day. These retrospective data should encourage future study in brain radiosurgery and non-CNS stereotactic body radiotherapy series.
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